Astral Resources Secures Mandilla Land Use Agreement with Marlinyu Ghoorlie

Astral Resources Secures Land Use Agreement, Clearing Path for Mandilla DFS Completion

Astral Resources (ASX: AAR) has executed a Land Use Agreement (LUA) with the Marlinyu Ghoorlie Native Title Claimant Group, covering the Mandilla and recently acquired Spargoville tenements located 70km south of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The Astral Resources Mandilla Land Use Agreement with Marlinyu Ghoorlie means every tenement incorporated in the ongoing Mandilla Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) is now covered by a formal LUA, a regulatory and social requirement for progressing toward mine development.

"With Astral now setting its sights on finalising the Mandilla DFS, gaining the necessary mine development approvals and transitioning into mine development, the Company is committed to continuing to work closely with the Marlinyu Ghoorlie and maintaining a close and collaborative relationship with all stakeholders." — Marc Ducler, Managing Director, Astral Resources

What the Land Use Agreement Covers

The LUA is not a simple procedural step. According to the announcement, it establishes a structured, cooperative framework governing the relationship between Astral's wholly-owned subsidiary, Mandilla Gold Pty Ltd, and the Marlinyu Ghoorlie People. The agreement rests on four core elements:

1. Heritage engagement protocols setting out processes for heritage surveys and clearance procedures to facilitate mining activities without disrupting culturally significant sites.
2. Heritage site protection, committing Astral to minimising the impact of its activities on identified Aboriginal Cultural Heritage sites within the agreement area.
3. Community participation, providing opportunities for Marlinyu Ghoorlie members to take part directly in Mandilla's activities.
4. Compensation benefits, formalising arrangements for the effect on native title rights arising from the grant of project rights and the conduct of future mining and exploration.

Astral has described the overarching spirit of the agreement as one of goodwill, mutual respect and recognition of respective interests, underpinning a long-term, cooperative approach to project development.

Full LUA Coverage Across All DFS Tenements

The significance of this latest agreement becomes clearer when viewed alongside the LUA previously signed over the Feysville tenements in October 2025. With the Mandilla and Spargoville tenements now also covered, all tenements subject to the Mandilla DFS are formally under Land Use Agreements.

This complete coverage removes a layer of social and regulatory uncertainty from the project's development path. Consequently, it provides a solid foundation for Astral to complete the DFS and pursue mine development approvals.

The Project Behind the Agreement: A Substantial Gold Inventory

Understanding why this LUA matters requires context on the scale of what Astral is developing. The Mandilla Gold Project, the centrepiece of the company's development plans, carries a sizeable resource base and has already passed through a Preliminary Feasibility Study (PFS).

Mineral Resource Summary

The Mandilla Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE), announced in April 2026, comprises:

• Measured: 1.3 Mt at 1.3 g/t Au for 57 koz
• Indicated: 32.6 Mt at 1.0 g/t Au for 1,092 koz
• Inferred: 19.6 Mt at 0.9 g/t Au for 588 koz

The relatively high proportion of Indicated and Measured resources supports the level of confidence typically required to advance a project through DFS and toward a production decision.

What the Preliminary Feasibility Study Showed

The Mandilla PFS, completed in June 2025, outlined the following operational case for the project:

• Mine configuration: Seven open pit mines feeding a central processing facility
• Processing capacity: 2.75 Mtpa
• Annual gold production: approximately 95,000 oz per year over the first 12 years
• Base case gold price assumption: $4,250/oz
• Net Present Value (NPV, 8% discount rate): $1.4 billion
• Sensitivity upside: at $6,250/oz gold, NPV8 rises to $2.9 billion

These figures position Mandilla among the more substantial gold development projects on the ASX boards, furthermore supporting the scale of investment currently directed toward completing the DFS.

Understanding Land Use Agreements: Why They Matter to Investors

What Is a Land Use Agreement?

A Land Use Agreement, sometimes referred to as an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA), is a legally binding arrangement between a mining company and a Native Title Claimant Group. It governs how a company conducts activities on land where native title rights exist or are being claimed.

Why Does It Matter for Investors?

Without an LUA, a mining company can face legal challenges, delays or restrictions on its ability to carry out exploration, surveys and mining activities. LUAs are reported to provide certainty by:

• Establishing agreed protocols for heritage surveys and site clearances
• Defining compensation arrangements upfront, reducing the likelihood of future disputes
• Creating a cooperative relationship that can lower the risk of community opposition or legal injunctions
• Addressing requirements that government bodies and financial institutions commonly expect before mine approvals or project financing are progressed

An executed LUA is generally regarded as converting a potential project risk into a resolved foundation, supporting the social licence position of a project while keeping the development timeline on track.

"Beyond formal LUAs, social licence refers to the ongoing acceptance and support of a project by the local community and traditional custodians. Companies that invest early in cooperative relationships tend to face fewer project delays and community-related disruptions as they advance toward production."

Glossary of Key Terms

• LUA (Land Use Agreement): A binding agreement between a mining entity and a Native Title Claimant Group governing project activities and heritage protections.
• Native Title: Legal recognition of the rights and interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in land and waters under Australian law.
• DFS (Definitive Feasibility Study): A detailed engineering and economic study that provides the level of confidence required to support a final investment decision on a mining project.
• PFS (Preliminary Feasibility Study): A study preceding the DFS that provides a higher-level economic assessment to determine whether a project warrants further development.
• MRE (Mineral Resource Estimate): A JORC-compliant estimate of the quantity and grade of mineralisation within a deposit.
• NPV (Net Present Value): A financial metric calculating the present value of future cash flows, discounted at a given rate, used to assess project economics.
• JORC Code: The Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, the industry standard for resource reporting in Australia.

What Comes Next: The Road to Mine Development

With LUAs now covering all DFS tenements, Astral's focus turns to completing the Mandilla DFS and progressing through the approvals process. The company has outlined the following near-term sequence:

The DFS is expected to build on the PFS foundation, refining engineering parameters, confirming processing plant design and producing the detailed economic model management says is needed to support a final investment decision and potential project financing.

The Investment Case: Why Mandilla Is Worth Watching

Several factors combine to make the Mandilla project, and by extension Astral Resources, one worth following as it advances through feasibility.

Resource Scale

A combined resource base approaching 1.88 Moz of gold across Mandilla, Feysville and Spargoville is substantial for an ASX-listed developer, with the Mandilla resource alone standing at 1.74 Moz.

PFS Economics With Gold Price Sensitivity

An NPV8 of $1.4 billion at $4,250/oz gold, scaling to $2.9 billion at $6,250/oz, illustrates the project's sensitivity to gold price movements. In addition, it demonstrates its potential to deliver additional value under a stronger gold price environment.

DFS Completion Timeline

With the DFS scheduled for completion in the March Quarter 2027, investors have a defined near-term catalyst to monitor. DFS outcomes typically represent a significant inflection point for developer companies.

Full LUA Coverage

Having all DFS tenements now under executed Land Use Agreements removes a layer of uncertainty that can otherwise delay mining project timelines. The Astral Resources Mandilla Land Use Agreement with Marlinyu Ghoorlie, in particular, finalises this coverage comprehensively.

Stakeholder Engagement

The cooperative framework established with the Marlinyu Ghoorlie, including heritage protection, community participation and compensation arrangements, reflects the type of stakeholder engagement that can support project stability over the longer term.

Why Investors Should Keep a Close Eye on Astral Resources

Astral Resources is progressing along a defined development pathway. The Astral Resources Mandilla Land Use Agreement with Marlinyu Ghoorlie may not generate the same attention as a resource upgrade or a drilling result, however its role in the project's advancement is considerable. It completes the social and legal groundwork required for the Mandilla Gold Project to move through its DFS phase.

With the Mandilla DFS due for completion in the March Quarter 2027, the coming months are expected to see the project's economics, engineering and production parameters consolidated into a study that will guide the pathway to mine construction.

That milestone, supported by a 1.74 Moz resource, a PFS-demonstrated NPV of $1.4 billion, and now a complete LUA position across all tenements, makes Astral Resources a developer worth tracking closely.

Key takeaway: Astral Resources has addressed one of the key de-risking steps on the path to mine development at Mandilla, a project underpinned by a 1.74 Moz gold resource and a PFS NPV of $1.4 billion. With full Land Use Agreement coverage now in place and the Mandilla DFS on track for completion in the March Quarter 2027, investors have a clear near-term catalyst to monitor.

Want to Learn More About Astral Resources and the Mandilla Gold Project?

With a 1.74 Moz gold resource, a PFS-demonstrated NPV of $1.4 billion, and now full Land Use Agreement coverage across all DFS tenements, Astral Resources (ASX: AAR) is advancing toward a significant development milestone. To learn more about the company, the Mandilla Gold Project, and the investment case as the DFS completion approaches, visit the Astral Resources website.